• Hematoma
  The most common complication is hematoma. This is an often sizeable collection of blood that is pooled on the scrotum because of a ruptured vessel. It can take months to resolve.
  
• Infection which may require oral antibiotics
  In its most serious form, intravenous administration of antibiotics and hospitalization might be required.
  
• Sperm granuloma
  As described above, a small amount of sperm can leak from the reconnected site and cause an inflammatory reaction that could cause pain or disrupt the reconnected site.
  
• Other complications
  Other complications are possible including failure of the surgery for any number of other reasons.
  

Failure is possible. There is also a significant rate of later closure and obstruction of the vas even after a successful vasectomy reversal.

Couples often bank semen specimens as soon as moving sperm appear in the ejaculate, so that if there is a failure they can proceed with invitro fertilization (IVF) at a later time.

Semen can be retrieved during the reversal procedure for storage. There are facilities available to store sperm in a cyrogenic freezer for a fee.